インベストメント鋳造と砂型鋳造の違いは？
9月 12, 2024
Investment Castings are often referred to as lost wax casting or precision casting. This method has a rich history and is extensively used for creating custom metal parts across various industries. Unlike sand casting, インベストメント鋳造 provides superior precision and surface finish, making it ideal for intricate parts.
Investment Casting vs Sand Casting: Detailed Comparison
| Aspect | インベストメント鋳造 | 砂型鋳造 |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Also known as Lost Wax Casting or Precision Casting, it involves creating a wax pattern that is coated with a ceramic shell, and after dewaxing, molten metal is poured into the mold. | Involves creating molds from sand mixed with binders, which are then used to cast molten metal into the mold. |
| 表面仕上げ | Superior surface finish; parts have smooth surfaces and fine details, often requiring minimal post-processing. | Rougher surface finish, often requiring more cleaning and finishing after casting. |
| 精密 | High precision, capable of creating parts with tight tolerances and intricate details. | Lower precision; better suited for simpler shapes and less detailed parts. |
| Complexity of Design | Excellent for parts with complex geometries, fine features, and thin walls. | Better suited for simpler, larger parts. |
| 素材オプション | Suitable for a wide range of materials, including high-performance alloys, stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, and copper alloys. | Primarily used for materials like aluminum, cast iron, bronze, steel, and stainless steel. |
| Cost | Higher production costs, especially for small quantities due to labor-intensive mold-making process. | More cost-effective for larger quantities of simpler designs. |
| Part Size | Ideal for small to medium-sized parts with high precision. | Suited for larger, heavier parts or components requiring less detail. |
| Production Speed | Slower production cycle due to the multiple steps involved in pattern preparation, shell-making, and dewaxing. | Faster production speed, especially for simpler parts. |
| 材料効率 | More material-efficient, producing less waste. | Generally results in more waste, particularly when creating large parts. |
| アプリケーション | Widely used in aerospace, automotive, medical, and precision machinery industries. | Used in industries like construction, mining, automotive, and for producing bulk, large parts. |
| Casting Tolerances | Capable of achieving tight tolerances and high-quality details. | Generally lower tolerance and precision compared to investment casting. |
| Post-Processing | Minimal post-processing required due to high surface finish. | Often requires significant post-processing due to rough surface finish and excess material. |
Detailed Processes: Investment Casting vs Sand Casting
インベストメント鋳造プロセス
- ワックス注入: Wax is injected into a mold to create the desired pattern of the part.
- ワックス部品溶接: If required, multiple wax patterns are welded together to form a single mold.
- シェル・メイキング: The wax pattern is coated with a thin layer of a ceramic material to form a shell.
- シェル乾燥: The shell is dried to harden the coating and ensure the mold can withstand high temperatures.
- 脱脂: The wax is melted and removed from the shell, creating a cavity for the molten metal.
- シェルベーキング: The empty shell is baked to strengthen it, preparing it for the molten metal.
- メルティング: Metal is melted in a furnace to the desired temperature.
- 注ぐ: The molten metal is poured into the cavity of the shell.
- サンド・ブラスト: The shell is removed, and the casting is cleaned using sandblasting to remove any residual shell material.
Sand Casting Process
- パターン・メイキング: A pattern of the part is made, typically from metal or a non-metallic material.
- 砂の準備: Sand is mixed with binders, such as clay or resin, to form the mold.
- 成形: The pattern is packed into the sand, and the mold cavity is formed around it.
- メルティング: Metal is melted and prepared for pouring into the mold.
- 注ぐ: The molten metal is poured into the mold cavity.
- 冷却: The metal cools and solidifies inside the mold.
- クリーニング: The mold is removed, and the casting is cleaned to remove excess sand and surface impurities.
Types of Investment Casting:
- 水ガラスインベストメント鋳造:
- Cost: More affordable.
- Finish: Produces parts with rougher surface finishes.
- Ideal For: Parts that do not require a high-quality surface finish.
- シリカゾル・インベストメント鋳造:
- Cost: Higher cost due to superior material and processes.
- Finish: Provides a smoother, finer surface finish.
- Ideal For: Parts that require high precision and surface quality.
Types of Sand Casting:
- クレイ・サンド・キャスティング:
- Finish: Rough surface; good for large-scale production.
- Cost: Least expensive.
- Ideal For: Large, simple parts.
- 樹脂砂型鋳造:
- Finish: Smoother surface finish than clay sand.
- Cost: More expensive than clay sand casting.
- Ideal For: Parts requiring better surface finish and dimensional tolerance.
- シェルモールド鋳造:
- Finish: Smoother surface finish with better precision.
- Cost: Higher cost due to precision and additional processes.
- Ideal For: Parts requiring higher precision and smoother surfaces.
インベストメント鋳造設備
- ワックス射出成形機: Used to inject wax into molds to create patterns.
- シェル製造装置: Tools and machinery used to apply the ceramic shell to the wax patterns.
- 脱蝋システム: Used to remove the wax from the molds after they are hardened.
- 溶解炉: High-temperature furnaces used to melt the metal.
- 注湯システム: Systems to pour the molten metal into the ceramic shell molds.
Sand Casting Equipment
- Pattern Making Tools: Tools used to create the initial mold pattern.
- Molding Machines: Machines used to create the sand mold by packing sand around the pattern.
- 溶解炉: Equipment used to melt metal before pouring.
- 注湯システム: Devices that facilitate the pouring of molten metal into the mold.
- Cleaning Equipment: Tools used to remove sand and finish the casting.
インベストメント鋳造を選ぶ理由
- 精度とディテール: Ideal for applications requiring high accuracy, such as in aerospace, medical devices, and precision machinery.
- 素材の多様性: Can work with a wide variety of metals and alloys.
- Reduced Material Waste: More efficient than 砂型鋳造, especially for smaller, intricate parts.
- Higher Production Cost for Small Runs: While costlier for low-volume runs, it is more economical for producing complex parts in moderate quantities.
なぜ砂型鋳造を選ぶのか？
- Cost-Effective for Large Parts: Best suited for larger, less complex parts.
- Suitable for Bulk Production: Can be more affordable when producing large quantities of simpler parts.
- Lower Precision: Ideal when precision is not the highest priority.
カスタム鋳造のご相談はこちら
Whether you’re interested in investment casting or 砂型鋳造, we offer OEM & ODM services to meet your specific requirements. Our manufacturing capabilities include precision casting foundry equipment and custom solutions for your needs.
詳細な見積もりや価格については、下記までお問い合わせください。 [email protected]. We welcome people worldwide to reach out for collaborative opportunities.
の利点をご覧ください。 精密鋳造鋳物工場 当社の製品がお客様のプロジェクトをどのように強化できるかをご覧ください。